Heavy bulldozers are mainly employed to level the terrain to prepare it for construction.
![]() The word is sometimes used inaccurately for other earth moving equipment such as front loaders. The tracks give them excellent ground-holding capability and mobility through very rough terrain. Wide tracks help distribute the bulldozers weight over a large area (decreasing ground pressure ), thus preventing it from sinking in sandy or muddy ground. Extra-wide tracks are known as swamp tracks or low ground pressure (lgp) tracks. Bulldozers have transmission systems designed to take advantage of the track system and provide excellent tractive force. The blade is mounted forward of the articulation joint, and is hydraulically actuated. It is typically used for pushing large rocks, as at a quarry. The towed Fresno Scraper, invented in 1883 by James Porteous, was the first design to enable this to be done economically, removing the soil from the cut and depositing it elsewhere on shallow ground ( fill ). Many dozer blades have a reinforced center section with this purpose in mind, and are called bull blades. Dozer blades can also be mounted on main battle tanks, where it can be used to clear antitank obstacles or mines, and dig improvised shelters. Combat applications for dozer blades include clearing battlefield obstacles and preparing firing positions. Rippers occur as a single (single shankgiant ripper) or in groups of two or more (multishank rippers). The ripper shank is fitted with a replaceable tungsten steel alloy tip, referred to as a boot. Ripping rock breaks the ground surface rock or pavement into small rubble, easy to handle and transport, which can then be removed so grading can take place. With agricultural ripping, a farmer breaks up rocky or very hard earth (such as podzol hardpan), which is otherwise unploughable, to farm it. ![]() The grower shatters the lava with heavy bulldozers so surface crops or trees can be planted. Some bulldozers are equipped with a less common rear attachment referred to as a stumpbuster, which is a single spike that protrudes horizontally and can be raised to get it (mostly) out of the way. A bulldozer with a stumpbuster is used for landclearing operations, and is often equipped with a brush-rake blade. Some lightweight forms of bulldozers are commonly used in snow removal and as tools for preparing winter sports areas for ski and snowboard sports. Nevertheless, the original earthmoving bulldozers are still irreplaceable, as their tasks are concentrated in deforestation, earthmoving, ground levelling, and road carving.
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